Zhou, Yihe, Tao Ni, Wei-Bin Lee, and Qingchuan Zhao. “A Survey on Backdoor Threats in Large Language Models (LLMs): Attacks, Defenses, and Evaluation Methods”. Transactions on Artificial Intelligence (May 6, 2025). Accessed August 4, 2025. https://ojs.sciltp.com/journals/tai/article/view/2505000595.